Sympathectomy and avoidance learning

Di Giusto, E. L.; King, M. G.

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. 1972 Dec Vol 81(3) 491-500

Reports results of 5 experiments with male Wistar rats (N = 108). Depletion of peripheral sympathetic noradrenaline induced by administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, ip, led to significant decrements in escape and avoidance responding when the required response was difficult, but not when it was relatively easy to acquire. Results are similar to previous findings obtained with adrenal-demedullated Ss. Findings clarify the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the motivation of behavior elicited by aversive stimulation.
http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=main.doiLanding&uid=1973-08610-001

Morphofunctional changes in the myocardium following sympathectomy

Vestn Akad Med Nauk SSSR. 1984;(2):80-5.

Related Articles, Links

Morphofunctional changes in the myocardium following sympathectomy and their role in the development of sudden death from ventricular fibrillation

Beskrovnova NN, Makarychev VA, Kiseleva ZM, Legon'kaia , Zhuchkova NI.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6711115?dopt=Abstract

Cervical sympathectomy causes photoreceptor-specific cell death in the retina

Jena J. Steinle, Naarah L. Lindsay and Bethany L. Lashbrook

Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, United State, 2005.

The current study was designed to determine whether changes induced by sympathetic denervation causes significant loss of photoreceptors and increased glial cell reactivity in the retina. Sympathetic denervation was performed followed by immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining, and protein expression analysis to investigate photoreceptor loss. There was a significant reduction (30%) in photoreceptor numbers in the sympathectomized eye. This loss was due to apoptosis, as there was over a doubling in apoptotic cell numbers after sympathectomy. This loss of photoreceptors in the sympathectomized eye resulted in a significantly reduced width of the outer nuclear layer of the retina when compared to the contralateral eye. Increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining was also noted after sympathectomy in the ganglion cell layer with streaking toward the bipolar cell layer. These results suggest that loss of sympathetic innervation may cause significant changes to the physiology of the choroid.

sympathectomy enhances the severity of EAE

Regarding the modulation of autoimmunity, it was previously demonstrated that depletion of SNS transmitters by chemical sympathectomy enhances the severity of EAE (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
Chelmicka-Schorr, E., M. Checincski, B. G. M. Arnason. 1988. Chemical sympathectomy augments the severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J. Neuroimmunol. 17:347.[Medline]
The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 171: 3451-3458. Copyright © 2003 by The American Association of Immunologists

Sammy Bedoui*, Sachiko Miyake*, Youwei Lin*, Katsuichi Miyamoto*,
Shinji Oki*, Noriyuki Kawamura*, Annette Beck-Sickinger ,
Stephan von Hörsten and Takashi Yamamura2,*

Loss of sensory innervation induces remarkable changes in the nerves that remain

The autonomic nervous system: Dysfunctions

Chemical denervation and selected ganglionectomy studies have shown that loss of sympathetic or sensory innervation induces remarkable changes in the nerves that remain...
Following chronic guanethidine sympathectomy there is complete depletion of sympathetic cotransmitters NA and NPY from the dura mater but an increase in the the expression of NPY in non-sympathetic axons (lacking small dense covered vesicles) supplying cerebral vessels and the iris. (Mione et al. 1990). The source of increased cerebrovascular NPY is thought to be preexisting parasympathetic cranial ganglia...(Gibbins and Morris 1988).

Indeed, sympathectomy-induced increased DBH-immunoreactivity in the sphenopalatine (parasympathetic) ganglion occurs at the same time as a loss in VIP-immunoreactivity (Fan and Smith 1993). In the cerebral artery and uterine artery, loss of sympathetic nerves also leads to increased DBH-immunoreactvity in non-sympathetic nerves that lack TH and NA (Morris et al. 1987); Mione et al. 1991)

In the lung, sympathectomy induces a marked increse in CGRP-immunoreactive nerve density around the airways, blood vessels and also in the vicinity of the neurepithelial bodies of the pulmonary epithelium (Van Ranst and Lauweryns 1990).
page 110,

By Otto Appenzeller, P. J. Vinken, G. W. Bruyn,

Contributor Otto, Appenzeller, P. J. Vinken, G. W. Bruyn

Published 2000 Elsevier Health Sciences

Autonomic nervous system / Pathophysiology

histochemical comparison of the normal and chronically sympathectomized heart

Jones CE, Cannon MS.

Using histochemical techniques, the reactivities of selected enzymes and other metabolic components were examined in the myocardium, coronary arteries, and coronary arterioles of normal, two-week-sympathectomized, and sham-operated canine hearts. There were no differences in the histochemistry of coronary arteries in any of the hearts, but important differences were noted in the myocardium and especially in the arterioles. The reactivities of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the nucleic acids were increased in arterioles of the sympathectomized heart, possibly indicating an increased protein synthesis. The reactivities of succinate dehydrogenase, NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase were reduced in myocardium and arterioles of sympathectomized hearts as well as in arterioles of sham-operated hearts; the changes were greater in the sympathectomized arterioles where there was also observed an increase in reactivity of lactate dehydrogenase. These findings suggest a depression in aerobic metabolic capacity and, in the case of the sympathectomized arteriole, imply a possible shift in adaptation from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
Histochem J. 1980 Jan;12(1):9-22.

Upregulation of Neuropeptide Y

Migraine and Headache Pathophysiology - Google Books Result

by Lars Edvinsson, Lars Edvinsson Edvinsson - 1999 - Medical - 184 pages
The mRNA may thus only indicate the possibility of forming the receptor protein. After sympathectomy an upregulation of NPY, probably of parasympathetic origin can be seen in some target organs.
books.google.com.au/books?isbn=1853177377...

Increased ,&Nerve Growth Factor Messenger RNA and Protein

Peripheral NGF mRNA and protein levels following
sympathectomy
It has been shown previously that peripheral sympathectomy
causes a dramatic increase in NGF levels in the denervated
organs (Yap et al., 1984; Kanakis et al., 1985; Korsching and
Thoenen, 1985).
Increased ,&Nerve Growth Factor Messenger RNA and Protein
Levels in Neonatal Rat Hippocampus Following Specific Cholinergic
Lesions
Scott R. Whittemore,” Lena Liirkfors,’ Ted Ebendal,’ Vicky R. Holets, 2,a Anders Ericsson, and HBkan Persson
Departments of Medical Genetics and’ Zoology, Uppsala University, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, and *Department of
Histology, Karolinska Institute, S-104 01 Stockholm, Sweden

Effect of sympathetic denervation on the rate of protein synthesis

On the other hand, clenbuterol or epinephrine (10-5 M) increased by 20% the rate of protein synthesis in soleus muscles from adrenodemedullated rats and prevented its decrease in muscles from fasted rats. The data suggest that the sympathetic nervous system stimulates protein synthesis in oxidative muscles, probably through the activation of {beta}2-adrenoceptors, especially in situations of hormonal or nutritional deficiency.
Luiz Carlos C. Navegantes, Neusa M. Z. Resano, Amanda M. Baviera, Renato H. Migliorini, and Isis C. Kettelhut

Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Submitted 18 August 2003 ; accepted in final form 28 November 2003