M Cherruau1, 2, 1, 1
Received 2 November 1998; received in revised form 14 May 1999; accepted 9 July 1999.
Thursday, July 3, 2008
sympathectomy impairs bone resorption
the sympathetic nervous system is not involved in osteoclast precursor recruitment; but has a significant effect on resorption by inhibiting preosteoclast differentiation and disturbing osteoclast activation. These data suggest that depletion of sympathetic mediators may disturb osteogenic cell-mediated osteoclast differentiation.
M Cherruau1, 2, 1, 1
M Cherruau1, 2, 1, 1
Lumbar Sympathectomy - ejaculatory impotence and anorgasmia are almost certain consequences
European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments - Google Books Result
by Andreas D. Katsambas, Torello M. Lotti - 2003 - Medical - 804 pagesHowever, lumbar sympathectomy has no place in the treatment of pedal hyperhidrosis since ejaculatory impotence and anorgasmia are almost certain consequences ...
Mia: Lumbar Sympathectomy is still being offered by many surgeons as an effective and safe treatment for pedal hyperhidrosis.
Sympathalgia of the cervicobrachial region
Pain syndromes in the cervicobrachial region may be an expression of irritation of the
periarterial autonomic nervous system. They show a vasal, arterial topography (here of
the subclavian artery). If the cervical sympathetic chain is involved in the irritation, the
area supplied by the carotid artery, i.e. the homolateral half of the head is also affected.
Characteristics of these disturbances are their abnormal topography, which cannot be
classified either as a radicular nor a segmental pattern. In this region the perception of
pain is delayed. The quality of pain is protopathic (dull, intense, burning). In the
sympathalgia region there is lowering of the pain threshold (dysesthesia), vasomotor
disturbance (dyskinesia) local homeostatic disorders (dyscrasia), in certain circumstances
trophic disturbances (dystrophy) which are usually accompanied by marked depression
(dysthymia).
Gross D.
1: MMW Munch Med Wochenschr. 1979 Sep 14;121(37):1167-72.
periarterial autonomic nervous system. They show a vasal, arterial topography (here of
the subclavian artery). If the cervical sympathetic chain is involved in the irritation, the
area supplied by the carotid artery, i.e. the homolateral half of the head is also affected.
Characteristics of these disturbances are their abnormal topography, which cannot be
classified either as a radicular nor a segmental pattern. In this region the perception of
pain is delayed. The quality of pain is protopathic (dull, intense, burning). In the
sympathalgia region there is lowering of the pain threshold (dysesthesia), vasomotor
disturbance (dyskinesia) local homeostatic disorders (dyscrasia), in certain circumstances
trophic disturbances (dystrophy) which are usually accompanied by marked depression
(dysthymia).
Gross D.
1: MMW Munch Med Wochenschr. 1979 Sep 14;121(37):1167-72.
local heterogeneous changes in cerebral blood flow
The local influence of sympathetic stimulation on the cerebral circulation during acute hypertension was investigated in anesthetized rats. From initial studies, intravenously administered angiotensin II was selected as the pressor agent. Local cerebral blood flow was measured with [14C]iodoantipyrine autoradiography during 1) unilateral electrical stimulation of the superior cervical ganglion plus moderate hypertension [mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) 162 +/- 2 mmHg], 2) unilateral stimulation plus severe hypertension (MABP 177 +/- 4 mmHg), and 3) unilateral preganglionic sympathetic nerve section (denervated) plus severe hypertension (MABP 186 +/- 4 mmHg). During moderate hypertension, blood flow was rather homogeneous and sympathetic stimulation produced modest (7-15%) regionally specific reductions in flow ipsilateral to the stimulation (P less than 0.05). During severe hypertension: 1) focal areas of marked hyperemia occurred throughout the brain, 2) local blood flow was similar within innervated and denervated hemispheres, and 3) with sympathetic stimulation the volume of hyperemic tissue was reduced ipsilaterally and blood flow was decreased by 7-25% in areas of basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, limbic system and thalamus. To conclude, 1) the local cerebral autoregulatory response is highly dependent on whether the area becomes hyperperfused and 2) sympathetic stimulation decreases brain blood flow by modestly reducing local tissue perfusion and by lessening the volume of extreme hyperemia.
U. I. Tuor
Division of Neonatology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 263: H511-H518, 1992;
Structural changes and in situ aortic pressure-diameter relationship in long-term chemical-sympathectomized rats
Chronic sympathetic denervation increased aortic diameter and compliance in 8D-GN rats, compared with those obtained at the same distending pressure in control rats, suggesting vascular smooth muscle relaxation. In contrast, in 5W-GN and 3M-GN rats, the distensibility pressure-curves were significantly shifted toward lower levels of distensibility and pressure, indicating a decreased aortic distensibility at the same level of arterial pressure. Sympathectomy produced a significant reduction in the content of elastin, one of the most distensible components of the arterial wall in 5W-GN and 3M-GN rats. These results suggest that intact sympathetic nerves are necessary to maintain normal functional and structural properties of large arteries in rat. The reduction in aortic distensibility, in long-term sympathectomized rats, could have resulted from complex interactions between local aortic denervation, change in the set point of distending pressure, and changes in aortic smooth muscle tone and/or wall composition.
Lacolley P, Glaser E, Challande P, Boutouyrie P, Mignot JP, Duriez M, Levy B, Safar M, Laurent S.
Lacolley P, Glaser E, Challande P, Boutouyrie P, Mignot JP, Duriez M, Levy B, Safar M, Laurent S.
Department of Pharmacology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U. 337, Paris, France.
Am J Physiol. 1995 Aug;269(2 Pt 2):H407-16.
Hypoperfusion of the brainstem
.The sudden and profound sympathectomy ass/w neuraxial anesthesia at this level can produce apnea form hypoperfusion of the brainstem.
Clinical Anesthesiology, Chapter 17
Peripheral Nerve Blocks, p. 298~ 8/22/2004 3:07 PM
Increased Ocular Blood Vessel Numbers and Sizes Following Chronic Sympathectomy
These findings show that sympathetic innervation is critical in regulating choroidal and retinal vascularity, and that chronic loss of sympathetic activity may contribute to abnormal vascular proliferation in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
Increased Ocular Blood Vessel Numbers and Sizes Following Chronic Sympathectomy in Rat
Volume 74, Issue 6, June 2002, Pages 761-768
catecholamines modulating immune function
Experimental and clinical evidence has demonstrated extensive communication between the CNS and the immune system. To analyse the role of central catecholamines in modulating peripheral immune functions, we injected the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) i.c.v. in rats. This treatment significantly reduced brain catecholamine content 2, 4 and 7 days after injection, and in the periphery splenic catecholamine levels were reduced 4 days after treatment. Central catecholamine depletion induced an inhibition of splenic and blood lymphocyte proliferation and splenic cytokine production and expression (interleukin-2 and interferon-γ) 7 days after injection. In addition, central treatment with 6-OHDA reduced the percentage of spleen and peripheral blood natural killer (CD161 +) cells, and T-cytotoxic (CD8 +) cells in peripheral blood. The reduction in splenocyte proliferation was not associated with a glucocorticoid alteration but was completely abolished by prior peripheral sympathectomy. These data demonstrate a crucial role of central and peripheral catecholamines in modulating immune function.
Central catecholamine depletion inhibits peripheral lymphocyte responsiveness in spleen and blood
decreased conditioning-related activity in insula and amygdala
Critchley HD, Mathias CJ, Dolan RJ.
Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, 12 Queen Square, Institute of Neurology
and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, WC1N 3BG, London, United Kingdom.
The degree to which perceptual awareness of threat stimuli and bodily states of arousal
modulates neural activity associated with fear conditioning is unknown. We used
functional magnetic neuroimaging (fMRI) to study healthy subjects and patients with
peripheral autonomic denervation to examine how the expression of conditioning-related activity is modulated by stimulus awareness and autonomic arousal. In controls,
enhanced amygdala activity was evident during conditioning to both "seen" (unmasked)
and "unseen" (backward masked) stimuli, whereas insula activity was modulated by
perceptual awareness of a threat stimulus. Absent peripheral autonomic arousal, in
patients with autonomic denervation, was associated with decreased conditioning-related activity in insula and amygdala. The findings indicate that the expression of
conditioning-related neural activity is modulated by both awareness and representations
of bodily states of autonomic arousal.
Neuron. 2002 Feb 14;33(4):653-63. Links
Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, 12 Queen Square, Institute of Neurology
and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, WC1N 3BG, London, United Kingdom.
The degree to which perceptual awareness of threat stimuli and bodily states of arousal
modulates neural activity associated with fear conditioning is unknown. We used
functional magnetic neuroimaging (fMRI) to study healthy subjects and patients with
peripheral autonomic denervation to examine how the expression of conditioning-related activity is modulated by stimulus awareness and autonomic arousal. In controls,
enhanced amygdala activity was evident during conditioning to both "seen" (unmasked)
and "unseen" (backward masked) stimuli, whereas insula activity was modulated by
perceptual awareness of a threat stimulus. Absent peripheral autonomic arousal, in
patients with autonomic denervation, was associated with decreased conditioning-related activity in insula and amygdala. The findings indicate that the expression of
conditioning-related neural activity is modulated by both awareness and representations
of bodily states of autonomic arousal.
Neuron. 2002 Feb 14;33(4):653-63. Links
Sympathectomy leads to hyperfunction of the serotoninergic system and pathology
We studied the balance of activity of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and serotoninergic divisions of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of the heart function in rabbits. High activities of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system are associated with antagonistic interactions between them. Moderation of activity of these systems could be accompanied by activation of the serotoninergic system. Physiological sympathectomy and parasympathectomy lead to hyperfunction of the serotoninergic system and pathology.
Balance of Activity of Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, and Serotoninergic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System in Rabbits
Author: Lychkova, A.
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Volume 140, Number 5, November 2005 , pp. 486-488(3)
Publisher: Springer
Depression following Sympathectomy
Depression accompanying compensatory hyperhidrosis following endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy
Authors: Hashim, N.; Wilson, N. J. E.
Source: Clinical & Experimental Dermatology, Volume 31, Number 6, November 2006 , pp. 818-819(2)
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
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