The amount of compensatory sweating depends on the patient, the damage that the white rami communicans incurs, and the amount of cell body reorganization in the spinal cord after surgery.
Other potential complications include inadequate resection of the ganglia, gustatory sweating, pneumothorax, cardiac dysfunction, post-operative pain, and finally Horner’s syndrome secondary to resection of the stellate ganglion.
www.ubcmj.com/pdf/ubcmj_2_1_2010_24-29.pdf

After severing the cervical sympathetic trunk, the cells of the cervical sympathetic ganglion undergo transneuronic degeneration
After severing the sympathetic trunk, the cells of its origin undergo complete disintegration within a year.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1967.tb00255.x/abstract

Saturday, July 19, 2008

Elevated levels of TH in major depression and after sympathectomy

Zhu MY, Klimek V, Dilley GE, Haycock JW, Stockmeier C, Overholser JC, Meltzer HY, Ordway GA.
Elevated levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus in major depression.
Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Nov 1;46(9):1275-86.

CONCLUSIONS: Elevated expression of TH in the LC in major depression implies a premortem overactivity of these neurons, or a deficiency of the cognate transmitter, norepinephrine."

Adrenal Tyrosine Hydroxylase: Compensatory Increase in Activity after Chemical Sympathectomy

Robert A. Mueller 1, Hans Thoenen 1, and Julius Axelrod 1

1 Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014

Destruction of peripheral sympathetic nerve endings with 6-hydroxydopamine causes a disappearance of cardiac tyrosine hydroxylase, accompanied by a twofold increase in adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase and a small increase in phenyl-ethanolanine-N-methyl transferase.

Sympathectomy resulted in reduced antibody responses to T-dependent antigens

It has been exhaustively demonstrated that the regions in which lymphocytes T cells reside, and through which they recirculate, receive direct sympathetic neural input. Therefore, the immune system can be considered “hard-wired” to the brain. Chemical sympathectomy of adult mice resulted in reduced antibody responses to T-dependent antigens.

VOL. 31, NOS. 5 & 6, 2000 JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2000

ENHANCEMENT OF NORADRENERGIC NEURAL TRANSMISSION: AN EFFECTIVE THERAPY OF

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Fuad. Lechin1,2, Bertha van der Dijs1,2, Betty Pardey-Maldonado1,

Eduardo Jahn1, Vladimir Jimenez1, Beatriz Orozco1,Scarlet Baez2 and Marcel E. Lechin3

The abrupt increase and decrease in BP observed at the time when the lighting conditions are changed are eliminated by chemical sympathectomy

The disruption of the baroreflex selectively eliminates the circadian rhythm of BP, and the circadian rhythms of BP and HR are modulated by the autonomic nervous system in rats. The circadian rhythms of BP and HR are regulated by different mechanisms involving the autonomic nervous system.

Chemical sympathectomy with guanethidine may activate the influence of the parasympathetic
nervous system on the heart. The possible reasons for the decrease of MBP during the dark period seem to be the elimination of the sympathetic nervous system or the activation of the
parasympathetic nervous system, or both. Because the SBP and PP in sympathectomized rats during the dark period were suppressed, the decrease of stroke volume, which is reflected in SBP or PP, may be responsible for the decrease of MBP during the dark period. It seems definitive,
therefore, that the autonomic nervous system, particularly the sympathetic nervous system, is
important for the manifestation of 24-hour rhythms of BP and HR in rats.

The daily variations in MBP in intact rats, in which an abrupt rise was seen when the light was
turned off and a sharp fall in MBP was seen when the light was turned on, were not observed in sympathectomized rats. These results suggest that a change in autonomic nervous tone, the majority being the sympathetic nervous tone, is required for the abrupt changes in BP at the time when the lighting is altered. In humans, BP often rises abruptly around the time of awakening.1 If this early morning surge in BP were due to the same mechanisms as in rats, a change in autonomic nervous tone would be important for the formation of this morning surge in humans. In fact, -sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity is reportedly related to this early morning surge.
Furthermore, the autonomic nervous system may play some role in the high correlation between the HR and locomotor activity, because the slope of the regression line was decreased in sympathectomized rats. The correlation between the MBP (mean blood pressure) and locomotor activity was disrupted by both SAD and chemical sympathectomy.

The abrupt increase and decrease in BP observed at the time when the lighting conditions are changed are eliminated by chemical sympathectomy.

(Circulation. 1997;96:1667-1674.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Mitsutaka Makino, MD; Hiroshi Hayashi, MD;
Hiroto Takezawa, MD; Makoto Hirai, MD;
Hidehiko Saito, MD; ; Shizufumi Ebihara, PhD

Hemodynamic changes after sympathectomy and the number od sympathetic segments operated

After ETS, heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures, rate-pressure product, and NOR decreased,whereas left ventricular end-systolic volume index, cardiac index, and ejection fraction did not change in the 2 groups.Among percent changes in all hemodynamic parameters and NOR occurring after ETS, only the percent decrease in systolic blood pressure in group Th2–4 was larger than that in group Th2–3 (–15 ± 12 % vs.–4±8%, respectively, p <>

Yukio Nakamura1, Shin-ichiro Muramoto1, Rira Kato1, Takahiro Saeki1, Manabu Fujimoto1, Hiroshi Kida1 and Yasushi Matsumoto2 Contact Information

(1) Dept. of Cardiology, Kanazawa National Hospital, 1-1 Shimoishibiki-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920–8650, Japan
(2) Dept. of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanazawa National Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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