"Chest pain, chest hypersensitivity, arm pain, paraesthesias of the upper limb and the thoracic wall, and recurrent pain in the axillary region have all been described. Intra-operative intrapleural analgesia using bupivacaine can help reduce postoperative pain. Using a 5 mm rather than 1cm post causes less postoperative discomfort, particularly in women with narrow intercostal spaces.
Complications in Vascular and Endovascular Surgery: How to avoid them and how to get out of trouble
Jonothan J Earnshaw, Michael Wyatt,
tfm Publishing Limited, Jan 1, 2012 - Medical - 318 pages"