Neuroinflammation is a process in which the brain responds to infections, diseases and injuries [1, 2]. Neuroinflammation involve two types of immune cells: lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages of the hematopoietic system, and microglial cells of the CNS [3, 4]. Neuroinflammation disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB), allowing cells from the hematopoietic system to leave the blood stream and come in contact to the injury site [5]. The immune cells respond to injuries by eliminating debris and, synthesizing and releasing a host of powerful regulatory substances, like the complements, cytokines, chemokines, glutamate, interleukins, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and transforming growth factors [6-10]. The substances have both beneficial and harmful effects on the cellular environment, creating further damages [11] (fig. 1). Mature astrocytes are also activated following injury to the CNS [12, 13].
Chronic inflammation during depressive episodes could predispose depressive patients to neurodegenerative diseases, later in life [29].
http://www.medsci.org/v05p0127.htm
"Sympathectomy is a technique about which we have limited knowledge, applied to disorders about which we have little understanding." Associate Professor Robert Boas, Faculty of Pain Medicine of the Australasian College of Anaesthetists and the Royal College of Anaesthetists, The Journal of Pain, Vol 1, No 4 (Winter), 2000: pp 258-260
Monday, April 18, 2011
The cerebral vessels became hypersensitive to epinephrine after cervical sympathectomy
The cerebral vessels became hypersensitive to epinephrine after cervical sympathectomy.
HERTZMAN, A. B., AND DILLON, J. B.
Annual Review of Physiology
Vol. 4: 187-214 (Volume publication date March 1942)
HERTZMAN, A. B., AND DILLON, J. B.
Annual Review of Physiology
Vol. 4: 187-214 (Volume publication date March 1942)
Post-sympathectomy neuralgia is proposed here to be a complex neuropathic and central deafferentation/reafferentation syndrome
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8867242