In pulmonary function tests, we found a statistically significant decrease forced expiratory flow in small airways and an increase of residual volume, a significant decrease in heart rate and ejection fraction, a significant decrease of ‘rest’ and ‘peak’ heart rate, and a significant increase of oxygen pulse (O2 pulse) and oxygen peak uptake ( peak) after ETS (p < 0.05).
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;36:491-496. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.03.059