Absent peripheral autonomic arousal, in patients with autonomic denervation, was associated with decreased conditioning-related activity in insula and amygdala. The findings indicate that the expression of conditioning-related neural activity is modulated by both awareness and representations of bodily states of autonomic arousal.
Critchley HD, Mathias CJ, Dolan RJ.
Neuron. 2002 Feb 14;33(4):653-63.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11856537