Nevertheless, immediate (perioperative and postoperative) complications (primarily for the open but also
the endoscopic approach) include: fever, hematoma, transient Horner’s syndrome, bleeding, pneumotho-
rax, infection, wound pain, lymphatic leak, chylothorax, arterial injury, brachial plexus injury, etc.17. Late
complications include: permanent Horner’s syndrome, neuralgic pains, unsightly wound appearance, com-
pensatory hyperhidrosis, gustatory sweating and phantom sweating, and in the case of bilateral lumbar
sympathectomy erectile dysfunction in the male and lack of clitoral tumescence in the female18.
I S I S
SCIENTIFIC NEWSLETTER
Volume 4 Number 2
Summer Issue 2001